Respectful to You must be respectful to your seniors but you are not supposed to be servile. Insensible to He is insensible to pain and pleasure. The following words take the preposition for. Ambition for His ambition for name and fame knows no bounds. Desire for She has no desire for fame. Except for Except for John, everyone else attended the function.
Fondness for She has great fondness for children. Qualified for He is qualified for the job. Respect for I have great respect for him. Instead, we use in front of. A tall guy was standing in front of me. There were hundreds of people in front of me in the queue. The professor stood in front of the desk. The opposite of in front of is behind. When the professor stands in front of the desk, the desk is behind him. Who is that fat guy standing behind Jane? As a preposition, before normally indicates time.
It is the opposite of after. I need to be there before 8 pm. NOT I need to be there in front of 8 pm. The teacher told us that we should be in our seats at or before 9 am.
Before can refer to place in a few cases. For example, you can bring somebody before the magistrate. Before can also indicate position in a list. The letter C comes before D and after B. Before conjunction or adverb Before can also be used as a conjunction or an adverb clause of time. I should get to work before my boss arrives.
I will give you a ring before I leave. Before she married Justin, she dated another guy for a couple of years. He walked across the road. Across can also mean on the opposite side of a road, line etc. My sister lives across the road. Despite and in spite of Despite and in spite of mean exactly the same, but despite is more common than in spite of.
Despite and in spite of are prepositions. Both expressions can be followed by a noun or noun-equivalent. I enjoyed the movie despite having a headache. OR I enjoyed the movie in spite of having a headache. Both expressions are used for saying that something happens although something else might have prevented it. Before a that- clause, we use the expression the fact. He still loves her despite the fact that she cheated on him. OR He still loves her in spite of the fact that she cheated on him.
Many people are successful despite the fact that they do not have a university degree. NOT Many people are successful despite that they do not have a university degree. The boy found the money on the table and took it despite himself. The boy had no intention to take the money; he took it, nonetheless.
Always use of after in spite. We enjoyed the evening despite the bad weather. OR We enjoyed the evening in spite of the bad weather. The same ideas can be expressed using though and although.
Note that though and although are conjunctions. They should be followed by a clause. Idiomatic expressions with prepositions Verbs often combine with prepositions. These combinations are called phrasal verbs. There are numerous phrasal verbs in English and they cause a great deal of difficulty for ESL students. It is nearly impossible for a non-native speaker to learn all of these idiomatic expressions.
Still, you must be familiar with the most important ones. Interestingly, sometimes the same verb takes different prepositions with different objects.
The meanings of all of these expressions are usually the same. Examples are given below. Agree about a subject of discussion We never agree about anything. Agree on a price, a matter of discussion etc. Agree to a suggestion or proposal.
The preposition at is sometimes used with both people and things. She was angry with me for reading her letters. OR She was angry at me for reading her letters.
My parents were angry about my dismal performance. OR My parents were angry at my dismal performance. After his death, his children argued about his property. They argued about his affair. NOT They argued with his affair. We can argue with a person. He argued with his wife. NOT He argued about his wife. We can also argue for or against a preposition. They argued against increasing the legal drinking age.
Compare to and compare with To show likeness, compare is usually used with to. Life is often compared to a dream. She likes to compare herself to her mother. My mother always compared me to my brother. There are far more differences between them than there are similarities. My mother was never satisfied with my academic performance. She always compared me with my brother who used to get better grades.
Use compare to when similarities are more important. Of course, these differences are not very important. There are several other idiomatic expressions that are often confused.
This pin does not correspond to the receptacle it is supposed to fit into. To correspond with somebody is to write letters back and forth. I think you should correspond with the manager about this. Things can differ from totally different things. Her mother differed with her over her decision to split with her boyfriend. I beg to differ with you. Our products differ from theirs because they are more intuitive. Tablets differ from laptops in many ways.
First, they do not have a physical keyword. I would like to exchange my car for a faster one. He exchanged dollars for euros. I exchanged pleasantries with her. Prepositions: some problems areas A preposition is word used to describe the relationship between other words in a sentence.
Prepositions are almost always combined with other words. In grammars, these structures are called prepositional phrases. Here the adjective modifies the noun or pronoun which acts as the object of the preposition.
A prepositional phrase acts as an adjective or an adverb. Ending a sentence with a preposition You may have heard that ending a sentence with a preposition is a serious breach of grammatical rules.
Well, not really. Of course, you are not supposed to end every one of your sentences with a preposition, but sometimes ending a sentence with a preposition is better than moving it to another location in the sentence. Consider the two examples given below. This sentence ends in a preposition. The prepositions in, at and on can all indicate position. Here is a list of common word combinations with these prepositions. No prepositions are used with the following expressions: downtown, downstairs, outside, inside, upstairs, uptown etc.
Difference between as and like These two words are often confused. Like is a preposition and should be followed by a noun or pronoun. She is like her mother. She plays the piano like her sister. As is used to describe the function of a person or object. He works as a bartender. My sister is just like my mother, but I am more like my father.
He is just like his brother. They are both crazy about soccer. As can also be used as a conjunction. In this case, it is followed by a clause or a prepositional phrase. As a conjunction as shows similarity. Nobody loves her as I do.
The same idea can be expressed using like. Nobody loves her like me. Note that here the preposition likeis followed by the object pronoun me. In August, as in July, the weather is very hot. In a very informal style, like is often used as a conjunction. This is very common in American English. However, this is not considered correct.
Nobody loves her like I do. Prepositions before that-clauses Prepositions cannot normally be followed by conjunctions. Of course, this is possible in a few cases, but prepositions are normally dropped before that-clauses.
This usually happens after words referring to saying, writing, thinking etc. Here the preposition about is followed by a noun. NOT I knew about that he was ill. Here the preposition of is followed by the noun his presence. NOT She paid no attention that I had the necessary qualifications. NOT They went out despite that it was raining.
Prepositions before question words Prepositions are dropped before common question words. This usually happens after common verbs like tell, ask, depend, sure, idea and look. This is especially common in indirect questions. Here the preposition is dropped before the question word what. NOT I asked her about whether she was in a relationship. The prepositions cannot normally be left out after other verbs. NOT I am worried how she is going to cope. NOT The police questioned me what I had seen.
Note that we cannot put if after a preposition. We use whether instead. NOT I am worried about if she is happy. Prepositions: some common mistakes Prepositions are words used to describe a relationship between other words in a sentence. They are small words; still, they cause a great deal of confusion.
In this lesson we will take a look at some of the most common mistakes in the use of prepositions. Since and for These prepositions are often confused. Since is used to reckon from a particular date. For is used for a period. The adjectives inferior, superior, prior etc. The adjectives inferior, superior, senior, junior, prior etc. The verbs resemble, enter, discuss, marry etc.
The verbs resemble, enter, discuss, lack, approach and marry are followed by direct objects without prepositions. Using for The word for can be used as a preposition and a conjunction. As a preposition, it is followed by a noun.
As a conjunction, for is used to connect two clauses. Notes A for-clause is not very common in this context and it sounds too formal. In an informal style, we are more likely to express the same idea with because. A for-clause may also express an inference. As a preposition for is used to express several ideas. For example, it can be used to indicate purpose, destination, duration etc.
It may also be used to express your liking, suitability or skill for something. For can indicate duration. For cannot be used with a verb to indicate purpose. However, for can be used with an —ing form to indicate the purpose of a thing. When the clause has a person as subject, we are more likely to use an infinitive.
Below, under and beneath These words have very similar meanings and are often confused. Although they are both possible in some cases, sometimes we use them in different circumstances. To talk about something being covered by something else, we use under. NOT The cat was sleeping below the jacket.
NOT He was hiding something below his jacket. Somewhere below that hypothetical line separating the poor from the rich Below is also used in measurements where we think of a vertical scale. There are quite a few fixed expressions using the word under. Common examples are: under construction, under fire, under attack, under arrest, under pressure, under these conditions etc.
Below cannot be used in these expressions. Beneath is mainly used in a literal or formal style. As you can see below and under are also possible in these cases. Prepositions used to introduce objects Prepositions are sometimes used to introduce objects.
A few English verbs are normally followed by a direct object without a preposition. Common examples are: discuss, enter, reach, marry, resemble etc. However, many English verbs take a preposition before the object. NOT She smiled me. Notes When look is not followed by a direct object, it does not take the preposition at.
NOT Look at. NOT Look that car. With mirror, we use the preposition in, not at. Verbs that take the preposition of The verbs approve, consist, die and smell are usually followed by the preposition of. The verbs dream and think can be followed by of or about. Note that when we put a verb form after think or dream, it should be in the —ing form.
To watch for something is to pay attention so that you will see it when it arrives or becomes visible. They will eat the grains. Prepositions indicating position close to a point To talk about position close to a point, we use the following prepositions: near, by, next to, between, among and opposite. Next to Next to means besides or very near to someone or something. There is nothing between her apartment and the lake.
There was a child on each side of her. Across as a preposition and an adverb Across can be used as a preposition or an adverb. When used as a preposition, it is followed by a noun.
Here the noun the desert acts as the object of the preposition across. Across means from one side to the other. Across can be used to talk about movement from one place, space or line to the other. Across can also be used to show the width of something.
Across can show position. It means on the opposite side of a road, river, line etc. Across can also be used to show position in many parts of an area or country.
Across is also used for saying that something spreads until it covers the whole of a particular area. When used as an adverb, across is not followed by a noun. Here the adverb across modifies the verb hurried.
Mistakes in the use of prepositions In this lesson we will take a look at some of the most common mistakes in the use of prepositions. The prepositions in and on are used to show position. To say where things are going, we use into and onto. We use in to say how soon something will happen. Through is used for movement in a three dimensional space. It is not used to say how long something takes. If you care about something, you feel that it is important or interesting.
Using through Through can be used as a preposition or an adverb. When through is used as a preposition, it is followed by a noun. When it is used as an adverb, it is not followed by a noun. Through means from end to end or side to side of. Through can also be used to talk about entering at one side and coming out at the other.
To go through something is to examine it. Through can also be used to talk about time. It means from beginning to end of. Through as an adverb As an adverb through means from end to end, side to side or beginning to end. Through can also indicate the cause, etc.
Time prepositions On Use on with days. Use at with clock times and other expressions of time such as noon, night and midnight. Use in with other parts of the day and with months, years and seasons. The most common among them are: since, for, by, during and within.
The sequences from-to and from-until are also used to talk about time. We arrived in this city in and have lived here ever since.
She went on Tuesday and has not returned yet. I will spend two weeks there. Here is a list of the most common combinations. Insist on She insisted on paying for the drinks. Interested in He was always interested in politics. Kind to People have always been kind to me. Lacking in She is lacking in tact. Laugh at The little girl laughed at the poor beggar. Look at What are you looking at? Nice to She is nice to everybody. Operate on a patient They operated on her yesterday evening. Pay for something that is bought Will you pay for the drinks?
Prevent somebody from doing something She prevented me from entering her room. Reason for Nobody knows the reason for the accident. Rude to She was pretty rude to me last night. Direction Prepositions- across, up, down, etc.
Answers For From On. Other Chapters of Class 2 Adjectives.. Information Retrieval.. Nouns And Pronouns.. Simple Tenses.. Spoken and verbal expressions..
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